Exploration archetype · open ecological data

Exploration archetype: Palmer penguins, built step by step · 2026-10-27

A living page: each request adds its panels on top, every panel shows when it was added, and panels taken off are listed in the page history at the foot. Data: the 344 Palmer Archipelago penguins, 2007–08 to 2009–10.

Added 2026-10-27 18:19 PDT

Body mass by island, within one species

Compared like for like, Adélie penguins weigh about the same on all three islands (averages within 21 g, intervals overlapping). Biscoe looked heavy only because the Gentoo live there.Adélie means by island with 95% bootstrap intervals; max − min = 21 g.

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Biscoe44 Adélie
3.71 kg
Dream56 Adélie
3.69 kg
Torgersen51 Adélie
3.71 kg
0246
Average body mass of Adélie penguins
How this panel was checked
  • Like for like: one species (Adélie, the only one on all three islands).
  • Bootstrap intervals over birds; bars start at zero; same axis as the panel above.
Added 2026-10-27 18:19 PDT

Body mass by species and sex

Gentoo are much heavier than the other two species, and males outweigh females in all three.Means with 95% percentile bootstrap intervals, 4000 resamples within species × sex.

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FemalesMales
Adélie
3.37 kg
4.04 kg
Chinstrap
3.53 kg
3.94 kg
Gentoo
4.68 kg
5.48 kg
0246
Average body mass
How this panel was checked
  • Within a species and sex each bird is from a different nest, so birds are independent.
  • 9 birds of unknown sex left out.
Added 2026-10-27 18:19 PDT

Penguins measured each season

About 110–120 penguins each season, all three species every time.

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AdélieChinstrapGentoo
Penguins measured
5050
100100
150150
110110
114114
120120
2007–082008–092009–10
Breeding season
How this panel was checked
  • Counts of birds measured (study design), not population sizes.
Page history